For high school students planning to apply to college, one of the biggest decisions is whether to take the SAT or ACT. Both tests are widely accepted by colleges and universities across the United States, but they have key differences that may make one a better fit for you. In this guide, we’ll break down the structure, content, and scoring of both exams to help you decide which one to take.
Understanding the SAT and ACT
The SAT and ACT are standardized tests used for college admissions. While both assess a student’s readiness for college-level work, they do so in slightly different ways.
- SAT: Administered by the College Board, the SAT focuses on critical thinking and problem-solving skills. It consists of two main sections: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) and Math. The essay section was discontinued in 2021.
- ACT: Administered by ACT, Inc., the ACT includes four sections: English, Math, Reading, and Science, with an optional essay. The ACT emphasizes knowledge of a broad range of topics and includes a unique science reasoning section.
Key Differences Between the SAT and ACT
1. Test Structure and Timing
The SAT consists of:
- Reading: 65 minutes (52 questions)
- Writing & Language: 35 minutes (44 questions)
- Math (No Calculator): 25 minutes (20 questions)
- Math (Calculator): 55 minutes (38 questions)
- Total Time: 3 hours
The ACT consists of:
- English: 45 minutes (75 questions)
- Math: 60 minutes (60 questions)
- Reading: 35 minutes (40 questions)
- Science: 35 minutes (40 questions)
- Optional Essay: 40 minutes
- Total Time: 2 hours 55 minutes (without essay) or 3 hours 35 minutes (with essay)
The ACT moves at a faster pace, with more questions in less time compared to the SAT.
2. Math Differences
The SAT includes two math sections, one allowing a calculator and one without. It places a heavier emphasis on algebra and data analysis, with some advanced math topics like trigonometry and complex numbers.
The ACT has a single math section where a calculator is allowed. It includes a greater variety of topics, including more geometry and trigonometry questions. If you’re strong in math and comfortable with quick problem-solving, you might prefer the ACT.
3. Science Section
One of the most noticeable differences is that the ACT includes a science reasoning section, while the SAT does not. The ACT’s science section tests data interpretation, research summaries, and conflicting viewpoints. If you enjoy analyzing graphs and experiments, the ACT might be a better choice.
4. Reading and Writing Style
The SAT reading section features longer, more complex passages with a focus on evidence-based analysis. The ACT reading section has shorter passages but requires you to move quickly.
For writing, the SAT emphasizes grammar and word choice within the context of passages, while the ACT English section is more straightforward with grammar and punctuation rules.
5. Scoring Differences
- SAT: Scored on a scale of 400-1600 (800 for Math and 800 for EBRW).
- ACT: Scored on a scale of 1-36, averaging the four sections.
Colleges accept both scores equally, so your choice should depend on which format plays to your strengths.
Which Test Is Right for You?
- Take the SAT if:
- You prefer math questions with more time to think.
- You like analyzing evidence-based reading and writing.
- You don’t want to worry about a science section.
- Take the ACT if:
- You’re comfortable answering many questions quickly.
- You enjoy science and interpreting data.
- You prefer more direct reading comprehension questions.
Final Thoughts
Ultimately, the best way to determine which test suits you best is to take a practice test for each and compare your scores. Some students find that one test naturally aligns with their strengths, while others may score similarly on both. Either way, preparing for the test that best fits your skills will give you the best chance of success in the college admissions process.
